SCOLOPACIDAE

Gallinago hardwickii Latham's (Japanese) Snipe
Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville: mostly Oct-Apr), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Sep-Mar Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, Macquarie I. Acc Marshall Is (Kwajalein, ?HANZAB, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Nov Snares Is.
G. stenura Pintail Snipe
Cas (this sp? Pratt et al 1987) Oct-Apr w Micronesia. Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Hawaiian Is (Jan Kure I).
G. megala Swinhoe's Snipe
Vis Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is inc Bougainville. Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
F: Palau (common migrant, Engbring 1988). Mariana Is (Rota: 1 in fields Dec, Talbot).
G. gallinago Common Snipe
Considered specifically separate from G. delicata on plumage and vocal grounds (AOU 2002).
Acc (this sp?) Hawaiian Is (Dec Kauai, Pyle 2002). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Acc Mariana Is (Saipan). Hypo WAke I (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
G. delicata Wilson's Snipe
See comments under G. gallinago.
Cas Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is (AOU 1998, Pyle 2002), Guadalupe I.
G. solitaria Solitary Snipe
G. s. japonica Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
Coenocorypha pusilla Chatham Island Snipe
Res Chatham Is recent lower est 1300 ads (Shirihai 2002); (South East I 700-800 prs, Star Keys: Round I 50 prs, Mangere I 50 prs, Little Mangere I 200-250 prs).
C. aucklandica Subantarctic Snipe
The arrangement used here follows recommendation of HANZAB; differences in plumages and measurements are greater than in some sympatric species of Gallinago (HANZAB). All forms were listed as full species by Holdaway et al (2001); Worthy et al (2002) noted diagnosable differences between aucklandica, meinertzhagenae, and the as yet unnamed Campbell Island Snipe, but retained them as a subspecies group pending further studies.
Res Auckland Is 20,000+ inds.
C. nov. sp. Campbell Island Snipe
According to Miskelly (pers. comm.), these birds appear to be most closely related to the Auckland Island and Antipodes Island Snipes, but sufficiently distinct that they are likely to prove to be at least an endemic subspecies.
Res Campbell Is (Jacquemart I: poss as few as 10 inds, Miskelly 1997; discovered 1997, Judd 1998).
C. meinertzhagenae Antipodes Island Snipe
Res Antipodes Is 8000 inds.
C. heugeli Snares Island Snipe
Res Snares Is 1100 inds, 325-480 prs (Miskelly et al 2001).
C. iredalei South Island Snipe
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (SI and islands off Stewart I Worthy et al 2002).
C. barrierensis North Island Snipe
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (NI, Little Barrier I, Motukorea I in Hauraki Gulf, Worthy et al 2002).
Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock
Res s Izu Is (Torishima). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima).
Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit
L. l. melanuroides Vis mostly Oct-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Kosrae), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Lord Howe I, NZ (most 21 per year, NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Dec-Jan Auckland Is. Acc Kiribati (Jul, Child 1982), Hawaiian Is (Maui: Oct-Apr; Oahu, N Am Birds 56:121; Pyle 2002).
L. haemastica Hudsonian Godwit
Cas NZ (most 9 per year Oct-Apr NI, SI). Acc Hawaiian Is (Jul Oahu), Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Apr and May Fiji, Nov Norfolk I, ?Campbell I, Galapagos Is.
F: Galapagos Is (Isabela: one Puerto Villamil Jun-Jul, Chartier).
L. lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit
L. l. baueri Vis mostly Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, Kermadec Is, NZ av 80,000 per year (NI, SI), Chatham Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Hawaiian Is, Dec Niue, Tonga, ?Cook Is (Holyoak, 1980), Samoa, Nov-Dec Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001), Oct-Jan Campbell I, Auckland Is, Oct-Jan Macquarie I. Prob direct flight to NZ from sw Alaska indicated by banded birds recovered in Vanuatu and Solomon Is, Melville- forward of post from Aust. Banding Office to BIRDING-NZ).
L. fedoa Marbled Godwit
Cas Aug-Mar Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Laysan I).
Numenius minutus Little Curlew
Vis Aug-Apr Palau. Cas Mariana Is (Guam), Solomon Is (Bougainville), Lord Howe I, NZ (NI, SI).
N. phaeopus Whimbrel
N. p. variegatus Vis mostly Jul-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is, Solomon Is, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, Kermadec Is, NZ 100-200 per year both subspecies (NI, SI). Cas Chatham Is.
F: Solomon Is (Ghizo: Jun Gizo, Richards; Santa Isabel; Malaita: Jun, Hornbuckle 1999; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot); New Caledonia (Nov Noumea, Quested; Ouano Beach Oct, T. Clarke); Norfolk I (2 Kingston Marshes, Duranti). Palau (Peleliu: up to 30 on mud low tide north end, Talbot). Caroline Is: (Truk: Tol South, low nos, Feb, S. Smith). Mariana Is (Rota: low nos, S. Smith).
N. p. hudsonicus Vis Sep-Apr Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is, NZ (NI, SI). Cas Dec Norfolk I, Chatham Is, Aug-Oct and Apr-May Hawaiian Is (Pyle 2000), Fiji, Samoa.
F: Galapagos Is (18 several locations Jun-Jul, Chartier).
N. tahitiensis Bristle-thighed Curlew
Vis Sep-May throughout w Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Sep), e Marshall Is, Caroline Is (Truk, Pohnpei, hypo Yap), Wake I, Marshall Is, Kiribati, Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Gambier Is, Pitcairn Is incl Ducie I, and s to Fiji, Samoa, Niue, and Cook Is (Holyoak 1980). Cas to Ogasawara Is Sep, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, ?Norfolk I, Aug-Sep Kermadec Is. Hypo Mariana Is (Guam, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway Is: small flocks Sand I Apr, Vandenberg; Apr (Nikas) and Aug-Sep, occ through winter, at Kahuku area, pasture between Campbell NWR and ocean, scope area from small cem at n end of golf course in village of Kahuku, Pratt 1993).
N. arquata Eurasian Curlew
Acc Mariana Is (Saipan), Niue (Pratt et al 1987).
N. madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew
Vis Oct-Apr Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Norfolk I, NZ 20-50 per year (NI, SI). Cas Jun and Sep Hawaiian Is (French Frigate Shoals, Laysan I, Scott et al 2001), Lord Howe I, Oct Kermadec Is, Mar Chatham Is. Acc Ogasawara Is (Hahajima), Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000). Hypo Mariana Is (Guam, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper
Acc NZ (Feb NI). Hypo Mariana Is (Guam, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank
Acc Mariana Is (Guam), Caroline Is (Truk).
T. totanus Common Redshank
Vis Palau, Caroline Is (Yap).
T. stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper
Vis Sep-May Palau, Mariana Is, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville), Oct-Dec Norfolk I, Apr Lord Howe I, Chatham Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oct Midway I, Pyle 2002).
T. nebularia Common Greenshank
Vis Sep-May Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is, NZ (NI, SI). Cas Nov Lord Howe I, Dec and May Norfolk I, Jan Chatham Is, Nov-Dec Snares Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I.
F: Norfolk I (2 Kingston Marshes Mar, Duranti).
T. guttifer Nordmann's Greenshank
Acc Oct Mariana Is (Guam).
T. melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs
Cas Hawaiian Is, Galapagos Is. Acc Marshall Is (Jaluit), Clipperton I. Hypo Wake I (Pyle and Engbring 1985), Cook Is (this sp or the next, Holyoak 1980).
T. flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs
Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is, Johnson I, Galapagos Is. Cas NZ (Oct-Apr NI, Oct-Apr SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I. Acc Nov Chatham Is (Chatham I).
T. solitaria Solitary Sandpiper
T. s cinnamomea? Cas Dec-Feb Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Hawaii), Clipperton I.
T. ochropus Green Sandpiper
Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima). Hypo Palau (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
T. glareola Wood Sandpiper
Vis Mariana Is, Palau, w Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Kure I), Solomon Is (Bougainville). Acc Samoa (Mar Upolu).
F: Palau (Koror: Dec, de Vries; common migrant throughout, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Yap: 4 small pool west side, Dec, Talbot).
T. cinerea Terek Sandpiper
This and the next 4 sp are often placed in the genera Xenus (cinerea), Actitis (hypoleucos and macularia), and Heteroscelus (brevipes and incana).
Vis Aug-May Palau, Mariana Is, Caroline Is (Yap), Solomon Is, NZ most 14 per year (NI, SI). Cas Nov-Dec Lord Howe I, Nov-Dec Norfolk I. Acc Fiji (Viti Levu).
T. hypoleucos Common Sandpiper
Vis Aug-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, hypo Pohnpei, hypo Kosrae, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Lord Howe I, NZ (NI, SI). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Feb-Mar Norfolk I, Kiribati, Jan Fiji, Feb Samoa. Acc Hawaiian Is (Hawaii).
F: Solomon Is (Ghizo: 1 Olasana I Jun, Richards; Florida Is: Mana I Jan, Talbot). Palau (Dec, de Vries; common, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Yap: seen daily low nos, Feb, S. Smith). Norfolk I (Kingston Marshes Mar, Duranti).
T. macularia Spotted Sandpiper
Vis Oct-May Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Hawaii, Oahu), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I. Acc Marshall Is (spec; Pyle and Engbring 1985), Johnston I.
T. brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler
Vis Sep-Mar Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Mar-Apr Kosrae), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, NZ (NI, SI), Chatham Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Kure I, Oahu), Fiji, Tuvalu, ?Snares Is, ?Auckland Is. Acc Cook Is (Aitutaki).
F: Samoa (Savaii: only 2, by calls, Aug, Reed 1980). Cook Is (Aitutaki: only 3 of 99 studied were this sp Aug-Sep, Child 1981). Fiji (Viti Levu: 5, with 30+ incana) Sep, T. Clarke; Solomon Is (Florida Is: Mana I Jan, Talbot).
T. incana Wandering Tattler
Vis mostly Sep-Mar (usually later than brevipes in Micronesia, Baker 1951) Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Wake I, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is, Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Cook Is, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, Tonga, Kermadec Is, NZ (NI, SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Feb-Apr Lord Howe I, Oct-Mar Norfolk I, Chatham Is, Auckland Is.
F: New Caledonia (12 in alt plge yate-Goro road Aug, Fairbank). Hawaiian Is (Midway I: best count 5, Apr, Vandenberg). Samoa (Savaii: up to 50 at a time Aug, Reed 1980). Fiji (Viti Levu: 30+ Sep, T. Clarke). Galapagos Is(6 on Rabida, Santiago, Isabela, Espanola Jun-Jul, Chartier).
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet
C. s. inornatus Vis mostly Sep-Apr Guadalupe I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Oahu, Maui, Nov Hawaii). Acc Johnston I, Revillagigedo Is.
Prosobonia cancellata Tuamotu Sandpiper
Res Tuamotu Arch (Morane and Anuana Runga Atolls 150-200 inds; Tahanea islets 12-15 inds: Toreatai, Noiokao; Tenararo, Raevski Group, Fakarava, Maturei-Vavao, Pinaki, Marutea du Sud). Acc Kiritimati (duPont 1976).
F: Tuamotu Arch: common on predator-free atolls (Southern Bird 8:16).
P. leucoptera Tahitian Sandpiper
Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea).
Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone
A. i. interpres Vis Aug-May throughout w Pacific Is, incl Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Hawaiian Is, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Tokelau Is, Cook Is (Holyoak 1980), Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, Kermadec Is, NZ (NI, SI), Auckland Is, Antipodes Is, Chatham Is. Cas Snares Is, Nov-Jan Campbell I, Jul-Aug and Dec Macquarie I, e to Society Is, Tuamotu Arch.
A. i. morinella Vis (AOU 1957; Hayman et al 1986) mostly Aug-May Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Acc (this subsp?) Hawaiian Is (Baker 1951).
F: Galapagos Is (24 Jun-Jul, Chartier).
A. melanocephala Black Turnstone
Vis Aug-Apr Guadalupe I. Acc Galapagos Is.
Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher
L. g. caurinus? Cas Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Sep-Oct Oahu), Aug-May Galapagos Is. Acc Guadalupe I.
L. scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher
Vis Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is. Acc Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Samoa (Upolu).
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway I: Sand I, max 3 daily Apr, Vandenberg).
L. semipalmatus Asian Dowitcher
Acc NZ (Feb-May NI, Aug-Sep SI).
Aphriza virgata Surfbird
Vis Sep-Apr Galapagos Is. Cas Revillagigedo Is.
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot
Cas Sep Palau, Caroline Is (Truk), Solomon Is, NZ (Sep-Apr NI, SI).
C. canutus Red Knot
Measurements suggest that 2 populations occur in NZ: one (smaller; piersmai? see Tomkovich 2001) as in e Australia and another (larger) prob rogersi based on bill measurements (HANZAB).
C. c. piersmai Vis NZ (Sep-Apr NI,SI).
C. c. rogersi Vis Sep-Apr Solomon Is, NZ av 50,000 per year (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is. Cas Palau, Hawaiian Is, Fiji, Kermadec Is, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I. Acc Auckland Is, Campbell I, Nov Macquarie I.
C. c. rufus? Acc Galapagos Is.
C. alba Sanderling
Vis Aug-Apr tropical Pacific Is incl Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Line Is), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Three Sisters Is), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, NZ (NI, SI), Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Chatham Is, Cook Is (Manihiki, Manuae, Holyoak 1980), Pitcairn Is, Clipperton I.
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway I: max 2 Apr, Vandenberg); Solomon Is (Santa Cruz: one Jun-Jul, Chartier).
C. pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper
Cas Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oahu).
C. mauri Western Sandpiper
Vis Aug-Apr Hawaiian Is, Clipperton I, Revillagigedo Is. Cas Johnston I, NZ (NI, SI), Galapagos Is.
C. minuta Little Stint
Vis Sep-Oct Mariana Is, Palau (Baker 1951). Acc Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Oahu), Solomon Is, Fiji (Viti Levu, duPont 1976), NZ (NI, SI).
C. ruficollis Red-necked Stint
Vis Sep-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, NZ 150-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Kauai, Maui, Hawaii), Fiji, Chatham Is. Acc Auckland Is, Macquarie I.
F: Palau (Peleliu: 800 Dec, de Vries).
C. temminckii Temminck's Stint
Acc Mariana Is (Saipan).
C. subminuta Long-toed Stint
Vis Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Mariana Is (Guam). Cas Hawaiian Is (Midway I). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima), Solomon Is (but not listed by Mayr and Diamond 2001), Kiribati (Line Is: Kirimati), NZ (Aug-Sep SI).
F: Caroline Is (Yap: 3 small pool west side, Dec, Talbot).
C. minutilla Least Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May (most Aug-Oct) Hawaiian Is , Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is.
C. fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper
Cas NZ (Dec and Mar NI), Galapagos Is.
C. bairdii Baird's Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (Laysan I, Oahu), NZ (Oct-Apr NI), Galapagos Is.
C. melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May tropical Pacific incl Palau, Mariana Is, Caroline Is (Pohnpei), Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Oct and Apr-May), Kiribati, Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, NZ up to 20 per year (NI, SI). Cas Vanuatu, Solomon Is (Bougainville, Rennell), Fiji, Samoa, Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000), Clipperton I, Galapagos Is.
C. acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Oct), Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), Fiji, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, Kermadec Is, NZ 100-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Chatham Is, Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Iwo Is.
C. alpina Dunlin
C. a. sakhalina Cas Ogasawara Is (Hahajima, Chichijima).
C. a. subsp? Vis Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is. Cas Feb-Mar Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Pohnpei), NZ (Jun NI).
C. ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper
Vis Palau, Caroline Is (Yap), Solomon Is (Bougainville), NZ 50-100 per year (NI, SI). Cas e Solomon Is, New Caledonia, Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Hawaiian Is (Oahu), Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, Chatham Is, Auckland Is.
C. himantopus Stilt Sandpiper
Cas Oct-Apr Galapagos Is. Acc Ogasawara Is (Sep Minamijima), Hawaiian Is (Sep Oahu), NZ (Sep-Nov SI).
Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Midway Is, Kauai, Oahu), Marshall Is, Caroline Is (Pohnpei), Johnston I, Tubuai Is (Rapa). Acc Jan Samoa (? Watling 2001), Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991).
Limicola falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper
L. f. sibiricus Cas Sep Palau, NZ (Nov-Apr and May-Dec NI). Acc Solomon Is (Three Sisters Is).
Philomachus pugnax Ruff
Vis Aug-May Mariana Is, Palau. Cas Caroline Is (Truk), Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is, Solomon Is (Bougainville), NZ (Nov-Apr NI and SI). Acc Johnston I.
Steganopus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope
Vis Aug-Dec Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is, Johnston I, Easter I. Acc NZ (Sep NI, Nov-Apr SI), Clipperton I, at sea between Easter I and Galapagos Is.
Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope
Vis Aug-Apr Galapagos Is. At sea Oct-Apr sw Pacific n of New Guinea but unrecorded in Micronesia or Solomon Is, also outer edge Humboldt Current off Ecuador and Peru. Cas Hawaiian Is, NZ (Apr-Jun NI, Jan and Mar SI).
P. fulicarius Red Phalarope
David and Gosselin (2002a) discussed gender agreement.
At sea Oct-Apr off Chile incl Juan Fernandez Is; Siberian breeders se across Pacific to s of Hawaiian Is (HANZAB); Sep-May off Mexico (most during migration periods, Howell and Webb 1995), Feb-Apr ec Pacific. Cas Galapagos Is, Sep-Oct and Mar-Apr Hawaiian Is, Kiribati, Jun-Jul NZ (suggests source to east, not Asia). Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Lehua Rock Apr, one, Melgar).


STERCORARIIDAE

This family is often merged with Laridae.

Catharacta antarctica Brown Skua
Mitochondrial cytochrome b studies (see Olsen and Larsson 1997) indicate that n and s hemisphere Catharacta separated prior to differentiation of the latter into the 3 generally-recognized taxa, hamiltoni, antarctica, and lonnbergi. Thus it seems justified to consider n and s hemisphere populations specifically distinct; timing of breeding and molt would indicate continuing divergence between n and s hemisphere populations. It has been suggested that hamiltoni and antarctica be treated as subspecies of a species distinct from lonnbergi; the distinctive population of the Kerguelen Is (currently included in lonnbergi) may also be a discernible taxon (see Olsen and Larsson 1997).
C. a. lonnbergi Breeds NZ pop fewer than 2000 inds (SI 3 prs, Solander Is 2+ prs, Stewart I 20 prs), Chatham Is 260 inds, Snares Is 300+ inds (Miskelly et al 2001), Antipodes Is 50-100 prs (Tennyson et al 2002), Auckland Is 100 prs, Campbell I 100 prs, Macquarie I 550 prs. Eggs Sep-Dec. At sea Mar-Nov n to 35S, occ 26S (Jenkins, in HANZAB). Acc Norfolk I.
C. chilensis Chilean Skua
At sea off S. America n to 5S (>200 miles?).
Stercorarius maccormicki South Polar Skua
For placement in this genus, see AOU (2002).
At sea clockwise movement: Jan-Jun NZ area (incl Feb Campbell I, Apr off S Australia), May-Jul w Pacific incl Japan, Solomon Is, Jul (ads) and Sep-Oct (juvs/imms) e Pacific mostly May-Oct off Mexico, Aug-Jan NZ area (incl Aug Kermadec Is, late 1993 spec Norfolk I Moore 1999, Dec Solomon Is). Cas c Pacific Hawaiian Is (2 in Sep, 5 total in period Aug-Nov Hawaiian Is EEZ, M. Force), Kiribati (Line Is, Phoenix Is), Dec Tonga, Samoa, Jan Fiji. Acc (this sp?) Galapagos Is.
F: Chatham Is (pale morph followed boat Chatham Rise Nov, Petyt 2001a).
S. pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger
At sea migrates Apr-May and Sep-Oct e and w Pacific; Oct-May sw Pacific incl Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Tasman Sea s and e to NZ (NI, (fewer SI), Fiji, Hawaiian Is (movement Apr-Jun c Pacific, also Sep- 7 in Hawaiian Is EEZ in period Aug-Nov, M. Force), Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), and off c and s South America. Acc Nov-Dec Chatham Is. Hypo Caroline Is (Truk, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
S. parasiticus Parasitic Jaeger
At sea e and w Pacific mostly Aug-Nov and Mar-May; Sep-May NZ n to Solomon Is, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, off coast of S. America. Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Sep-Nov and Apr Hawaiian Is (R. Pyle HIBIRDS; 9 in Hawaiian Is EEZ Aug-Nov, M. Force).
S. longicaudus Long-tailed Jaeger
At sea e and wc Pacific incl Ogasawara Is and Iwo Is Aug-Nov and Mar-May (May off Japan); Sep-May off S. America, nw Pacific (HANZAB), Tasman Sea e to NZ (NI), incl Lord Howe I. Prob winters further s in s Pacific than other Stercorarius, at 40-50S, some to 70S (Shirihai 2002). Cas Feb Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Sep Palau, Feb Fiji. Cas Hawaiian Is (Scott et al 2001; 7 in period Aug-Nov Hawaiian Is EEZ Aug-Nov, M. Force).