SULIDAE

Morus capensis Cape Gannet
Acc NZ (NI: Cape Kidnappers Dec 97-Dec 99, Medway 2001).
M. serrator Australasian Gannet
Breeds Norfolk I (Philip I), NZ (NI 47,000+ prs, incl Three Kings Is 9900 prs, Poor Knights Is 4200 prs, Mokohinau Is 350 prs, Great Barrier I 2700 prs, Coromandel Peninsula 7200 prs, Muriwai 2200 prs, White I 6800 prs, Kawhia (Karewa) 8000 prs, Tolaga Bay 600 prs, Cape Kidnappers 5200 prs; SI 700 prs, incl Farewell Spit (Shellbanks 608 prs), Marlborough Sds (Waimaru Point 38 prs), Otago (The Nuggets 9 prs), Solander I 62 prs; Penhallurick 2003). Eggs Aug-Nov. At sea vicinity and Tasman Sea, widest dispersal Mar-Jun. Vis Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991). Cas Chatham Is, Auckland Is, Campbell I. Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
Sula nebouxii Blue-footed Booby
S. n. excisa Breeds Galapagos Is 10,000 prs (except Wenman, Culpepper, Pinta, Marchena, Genovesa). Eggs year round. At sea in vicinity and between n Mexico and Peru.
F: Galapagos Is 3700 throughout Jun-Jul (Chartier).
S. variegata Peruvian Booby
At sea off S. America. Cas >200 miles?
S. dactylatra Masked Booby
S. d. personata Breeds Mariana Is (Saipan, Tinian, Agiguan), Wake I, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is 7000 inds (east to Kauai and Oahu), Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), New Caledonia (Doughty; Penhallurick 2003), Fiji (Vatulele, Nukucikobia, Watling 2001), Samoa (Rose Atoll), Tonga (Ata), Cook Is (Suwarrow 20 prs, Holyoak 1980), Tuamotu Is, Pitcairn Is. Eggs year round, most Jan-May Kure Atoll. At sea between 30N and 30S tropical Pacific. Cas Palau, Marquesas Is (Chester et al 1998), Tuvalu. Acc Ogasawara Is.
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway: only on Eastern I, 2-3 prs Apr Vandenberg; Oahu: a few prs nest Moko Manu- scope from Ulupau Head, nest near crest of island Pratt 1993).
S. d. californica Breeds Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I. Eggs variable.
S. d. fullagari Breeds Lord Howe I, Norfolk I c500 pairs, Kermadec Is 100 prs. Eggs year round, but peak Dec Lord Howe I, Sep Norfolk I. At sea generally disperse n with little overlap of breeding populations; Kermadec Is birds disperse n to Vanuatu and Solomon Is, Lord Howe I birds to e coast Australia but with banding recoveries at Solomon Is (Hutton 1991). One banded Norfolk I (Nepean I) recovered Tonga (Moore 1999). Cas (presumably fullagari) NZ (NI Oct-Jul).
F: Lord Howe I (seen Apr, Bielewicz; easily seen Apr Muttonbird Pt and at Ball's Pyramid, Walker)). Norfolk I (many seen, esp towards Philip I Duranti).
S. tasmani Tasman Booby
This taxon (Van Tets et al 1988) was considered doubtfully distinct from S. d. fullagari (Holdaway et al 2001; Worthy and Holdaway 2002).
Extinct. Formerly Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (Christidis and Boles 1994).
S. granti Nazca Booby
Evidence for specific status was presented by Pitman and Jehl (1998) and Friesen et al (2002).
Breeds Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I (Howell and Webb 1995 note that a few S. granti breed at latter two locations, generally mating assortatively with Masked Booby), Malpelo I, Galapagos Is, Desventuradas Is (San Felix, San Ambrosio), Sala-y-Gomez I, Juan Fernandez Is. Eggs year round, but synchronized by colony (Castro and Phillips 1996). At sea between 30N and 30S. Cas n to S. California? (Roberson 1998).
F: Galapagos Is (760 Jun-Jul Chartier).
S. sula Red-footed Booby
S. s. rubripes Breeds islands of tropical Pacific: Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is except Guam, Palau, Caroline Is (Truk, Pohnpei), Wake I, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is 23,000 inds, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), Tokelau Is, Tuvalu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Cook Is (Penrhyn <100 prs, Rakahanga <100 prs, Manihiki <100 prs, Pukapuka <100 prs, Suwarrow 1000-10,000 prs, Takutea 100-1000 prs, extirp Palmerston, Holyoak 1980), Niue, Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Gambier Is, Pitcairn Is, Sala-y-Gomez I. Eggs variable. At sea between 30N and 30S. Cas Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 20-30 pairs nesting 2 islets L Tenggano, several nests with chicks, Richards). Hawaiian Is (Midway: only Eastern I, no more than 100 prs, white morph only, Apr, Vandenberg; Kauai: nesting Kilauea Pt, Pratt 1993; Oahu: Ulupau Crater, Pratt 1993). Kiribati (breeding Nukulaelae 200-300 inds, eggs Jun, various color phases, Child 1982). Fiji (Taveuni: 6 off shore Aug, Sargeant 1992). Palau (common only at Helen and Fanna in Southwest Is, Engbring 1988). Mariana Is (Rota: 100+ nesting bird sanct, Talbot, S. Smith). Society Is (common Tahiti, Thibault et al 1975).
S. s. websteri Breeds 250,000 prs Galapagos Is (Genovesa, Culpepper, Wenman, Gardner, Punta, Pitt), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I. Eggs variable. At sea between 30N and 30S.
S. leucogaster Brown Booby
S. l. plotus Breeds Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, s Izu Is, Mariana Is except vis only to Guam, Palau, Caroline Is (Truk and Pohnpei, vis Yap and Kosrae, Penhallurick 2003), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Wake I, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is 3000 inds, Kiribati (Line Is, vis Phoenix Is, Penhallurick 2003), Wallis and Futuna, Samoa (Tutuila and Manua, vis only Savaii and Upolu, Penhallurick 2003), Fiji incl Rotuma, Tokelau Is, Tonga, Cook Is (Penrhyn <100 prs, Pukapuka <100 prs, Suwarrow 500+ prs, Takutea <100 prs, Holyoak 1980), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is (Rapa, Penhallurick 2003), Gambier Is, and Pitcairn Is. Vis only Niue, Tuvalu (Watling 2001). Eggs year round. At sea between 30N and 30S, range apparently separated from those of subspecies below. Cas Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991), NZ mostly Feb-May. One banded Johnston I recovered Fiji 5 months later (Watling 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: single bird small islet L Tenggano, Richards; Ghizo and Kolombangara, Hornbuckle; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot). Samoa (one from ferry to Savaii Aug Reed 1980). Cook Is (several Aitutaki Aug-Sep Child 1981). Fiji (Taveuni: 200+ Aug, Sargeant 1992). Solomon Is (seen Buka, Hadden 1981). Loyalty Is (Ouvea: one offshore Nov-Dec, T. Clarke). Hawaiian Is (Oahu: Makahuena Pt; Kauai: frequent boat trips to north, Pratt 1993). Norfolk I 2 in May (T. Clarke). Palau (common only at Fanna and Helen in Southwest Is, Engbring 1988). Mariana Is (Rota: 3-20 bird sanct, Talbot, S. Smith).
S. l. brewsteri Breeds Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I 15,000 inds (Clipperton I breeders sometimes separated as S. l. nesiotes). Eggs year round. At sea vicinity. Cas Galapagos Is and s California.
S. l. etesiaca At sea off C. America and Colombia; cas >200 miles offshore?


PHALACROCORACIDAE

Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant
Polymorphic NZ birds poss sep species P. brevirostris White-throated Cormorant.
P. m. melanoleucos Res Palau, Solomon Is (except Rennell), Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is), New Caledonia. Cas Mariana Is, Vanuatu, Lord Howe I, Norfolk I.
F: Palau (Peleliu: seen Dec, de Vries; common, Engbring 1988; Babeldaob: mangrove areas, Engbring 1988). New Caledonia (PTRB Dec, Gregory).
P. m. brevicauda Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
This taxon is quite distinct from other subspecies (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: common L Tenggano, Richards).
P. m. brevirostris Res 5000-10,000 prs NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Campbell I. Cas Snares Is, Auckland Is.
P. harrisi Flightless Cormorant
Res <1000 prs Galapagos Is (Fernandina, Isabela). Vis Galapagos Is (James, Santa Cruz, Floreana, Penhallurick 2003).
F: Galapagos Is (Fernandina: 16 most at Punta Espinosa, Chartier).
P. auritus Double-crested Cormorant
P. a. subsp? Vis Revillagigedo Is Nov-Mar? (AOU 1983, but not 1998; needs verification Howell and Webb 1995).
P. penicillatus Brandt's Cormorant
Breeds Guadalupe I.
P. varius Pied Cormorant
P. v. hypoleucos Cas Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991).
P. v. varius Res 5000-10,000 prs NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I). Cas Snares Is.
P. sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant
Res 1000-5000 prs NZ (NI, n SI). Cas NZ (Stewart I), Solomon Is (Bougainville), New Caledonia, Lord Howe I, Norfolk I.
P. carbo Great Cormorant
Some authors (eg OSNZ) consider Australian P. c. carboides and NZ P. c. steadi not separable, as P. c. novaehollandiae.
P. c. steadi Res 5000-10,000 prs NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is 233 prs (Bell and Bell 2000). Cas Snares Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I.
P. c. novaehollandiae Res Solomon Is (Rennell: L Tenggano, this subsp- Mayr and Diamond 2001). Cas (this subsp?) Lord Howe I, Norfolk I.
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 1-2 L Tenggano, Hornbuckle 1999).
P. c. hanedae (included in P. c. sinensis by some authors) Acc Ogasawara Is (Mukojima).
P. capillatus Japanese Cormorant
Acc Ogasawara Is.
P. pelagicus Pelagic Cormorant
Acc Hawaiian Is (Pyle 2002).
Leucocarbo purpurascens Macquarie Shag
Considered by some authors part of L. atriceps Imperial Shag.
Res Macquarie I 760 prs.
L. campbelli Campbell Shag
This taxon and the next two are closely related, and can be considered allospecies (cf Shirihai 2002); this taxon most closely related to colensoi.
Res Campbell I 8000 inds. Acc Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002).
L. colensoi Auckland Shag
Res Auckland Is 1000 prs. Acc (juv to adult, one bird 1982-2001) Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001a, 2001b).
L. ranfurlyi Bounty Shag
Res Bounty Is 569 prs. One reported Snares Is Apr-May 1997 prob colensoi (Miskelly et al 2001a, 2001b). Acc Nov Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002).
L. carunculatus Rough-faced Shag
This taxon and the next two are closely related, and may be considered allospecies, although this taxon is thought to differ significantly from the other two (Shirihai 2002). Worthy and Holdaway (2002), however, consider this taxon and chalconotus to be relict populations of a formerly widespread single species.
Res NZ (Cook Strait) 300 inds; extirpated NI after human contact (Worthy 1995).
L. chalconotus Stewart Shag
Res NZ (s and se SI, Stewart I 1600-1800 prs).
L. onslowi Chatham Shag
Res Chatham Is 842 prs (Cape Fournier 115, Ke Oreao Pt 7, Pt Weeding 6, Ngatikitiki Rocks 38, Matarakau 53, Okawa Pt 114, Shag Rock 68, Rabbit Island 83, Northeast Reef 19, Star Keys 339, Bell and Bell 2000).
Stictocarbo pelagicus Pelagic Cormorant
S. p. subsp? At sea extreme nw Pacific. Acc Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Laysan I).
S. punctatus Spotted Shag
Total pop 60,000-150,000 prs.
S. p. punctatus Res NZ 50,000-100,000 inds (NI, n and e SI).
S. p. steadi Res NZ 10,000-50,000 inds (w and s SI, Stewart I). Acc (this subsp?) Jan Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001).
S. featherstoni Pitt Shag
Res Chatham Is 729 prs (Bell and Bell 2000).


ANHINGIDAE

Anhinga melanogaster Australian Darter
A. m. novaehollandiae Acc NZ (Dec NI, SI).
A. m. subsp? Hypothetical Palau (Ripley; see Pratt et al 1987).


FREGATIDAE

Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird
Breeds Revillagigedo Is, Malpelo I, Galapagos Is (Genovesa, San Cristobal, Seymour, Isabela, Penhallurick 2003). Eggs variable. At sea vicinity and to seas off Costa Rica, Colombia. Cas Guadalupe I.
F: Galapagos Is (common Jun-Jul Chartier).
F. minor Great Frigatebird
The taxonomic situation in the w and c Pacific is currently unclear. However information provided by David James shows that Coral Sea birds differ subspecifically from Hawaiian Is birds. Although these populations are usually treated as palmerstoni, Coral Sea birds are probably best included in chambeyroni (which takes precedence over peninsulae and mathewsi for this population). If Hawaiian birds also differ from palmerstoni, then strumosa would apply to Hawaiian birds. The status of minor in the w Pacific is unclear as little is known of the birds breeding on the Paracel Is in the S. China Sea. Brazil (1991) stated that stragglers to the Japan area were minor (see below).
F. m. palmerstoni Breeds Wake I, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is 10,000 prs 64,000 inds (east to Oahu), Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Gambier Is, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tokelau Is (Penhallurick 2003), Niue, Cook Is (Takutea 90 prs, extirp Palmerston, Holyoak 1980), Pitcairn Is, ?Easter I, Desventurada Is (Sala-y-Gomez I). At sea between 25N and 30S, juveniles dispersive, incl Tuvalu, Tokelau Is, Wallis and Futuna, Solomon Is, Vanuatu (but see F. m. minor and F. m. chambeyroni); tagged birds from Hawaiian Is (Midway: Sand I) found Philippines, Wake I, Johnston I (Pyle 2000). Eggs year round, depending on location; Hawaiian Is Mar-Apr.
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 100 resting on small islet L Tenggano, Richards; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot). Hawaiian Is (Midway: common breeder Eastern I Apr, Vandenberg; Oahu, Kauai: common, Pratt 1993). Samoa (large flights Savaii Aug from interior? Reed 1980). Cook Is (:Aitutaki several Sep, Child 1981). New Caledonia (one over Wao Oct, T. Clarke).
F. m. chambeyroni (=peninsulae) Breeds (this subsp?) Palau (Fanna, Engbring 1988), Caroline Is (Truk, Pohnpei, ?Kosrae, ?Yap, this subsp? Pyle and Engbring 1985). At sea sw Pacific to ne Australia n to Caroline Is and Marshall Is (Condon 1975). Cas Mariana Is (Pyle and Engbring 1985), NZ. Acc Norfolk I (Feb, Moore 1999; Mar, Duranti).
F: Norfolk I (fem harassing Masked Booby Pt Howe, Duranti). Solomon Is (Buka: one Aug-Sep 2001, Gregory). Palau (abundant Fanna, unc main is, Engbring 1988). Mariana Is (this subsp? Rota: 10 at bird sanct, Talbot, S. Smith).
F. m. ridgwayi Breeds Revillagigedo Is, Cocos I, Clipperton I (Penhallurick 2003), Galapagos Is. Eggs variable; in Galapagos Is breeds Feb-Aug on Genovesa, Apr-Nov on Espanola (Harris 1974). Cas Clipperton I.
F: Galapagos Is (Floreana: 835 mostly nesting colony Enderby I; San Cristobal: colony Isla Lobos, Chartier).
F. m. minor Cas Ogasawara Is and Iwo Is mainly Jul-Nov, acc s Izu Is (Brazil 1991).
F. ariel Lesser Frigatebird
F. a. ariel Breeds ?Mariana Is (Pyle and Engbring 1985), ?Caroline Is (?Kosrae, ?Yap, Baker 1951, Pyle and Engbring 1985), ?Palau (Helen I? Engbring 1988), ?Marshall Is (Pyle and Engbring 1985), Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), Samoa (Rose I, Watling 2001), New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Cook Is (Penrhyn <100 prs, Suwarrow 1000-10,000 prs, Holyoak 1980), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Gambier Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Pyle 2002; 1 sighting Hawaiian Is EEZ Aug-Nov, M. Force). Eggs variable, most Apr-May Christmas I. At sea sw Pacific between 30N and 25S, incl Palau, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, e to Tuamotu Is. Cas mostly Nov-Mar Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, NZ.
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: common around L Tenggano, few around Ghizo, Richards; Bougainville: frequent around offshore islands, Hadden 1981; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot). Fiji (Taveuni: 15+ daily; Viti Levu: Suva, Sargeant 1992). Palau (most around Southwest Is, Engbring 1988).
F. andrewsi Christmas Island Frigatebird
Acc Solomon Is (Rennell, D. James).


ARDEIDAE

Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron
E. m. novaehollandiae Res New Caledonia, Loyalty Is, Tonga (Tongatapu), Fiji (w Viti Levu, Mamanuca Is, Yasua Is, Penhallurick 2003), Norfolk I, Lord Howe I, NZ (NI, SI), Chatham Is. Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville, Guadalcanal), Vanuatu, Jul Samoa (Manua), Mar Niue, Kermadec Is, Campbell I, Snares Is, Auckland Is, Macquarie I.
E. caerulea Little Blue Heron
Cas Hawaiian Is.
E. garzetta Little Egret
Some authors (HANZAB) consider nigripes and immaculata synonymous.
E. g. garzetta Vis Apr-Sep Palau. Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Caroline Is (Yap), Mariana Is (Saipan: Oct, R. David, Tinian, Agiguan, Penhallurick 2003).
F: Palau (seen Koror Dec, de Vries; esp at Koror dump, Engbring 1988).
E. g. nigripes Vis mostly Apr-Sep Solomon Is (Mayr and Diamond 2001), NZ (NI, SI; this subsp, Penhallurick 2003).
E. g. subsp? Cas Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, Kermadec Is. Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
F: Lord Howe I (seen Apr, Bielewicz).
E. thula Snowy Egret
E. t. thula? Cas Aug-Apr Galapagos Is.
E. t. subsp? Cas Hawaiian Is, Revillagigedo Is. Acc Samoa (Rose I; considered hypo by Watling 2001), Clipperton I.
E. tricolor Tricolored Heron
E. t. ruficollis? Acc Revillagigedo Is.
E. sacra Pacific Reef-Egret
E. s. sacra Res Mariana Is, Caroline Is, Palau, Wake I, Marshall Is, Nauru, Kiribati (Phoenix Is, Line Is), NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I, Tuvalu, Tokelau Is, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Cook Is (north to Suwarrow and Nassau, cas other northern islands, Holyoak 1980), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Pitcairn Is (Oeno I). Vis Niue. Cas Kermadec Is, Chatham Is, Auckland Is.
F: Solomon Is (Buka; Ghizo, Kolombangara, Santa Isabel, common, Kratter 2001; seen, Hornbuckle; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot); Palau (common, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (seen daily all islands, Talbot, S. Smith).
E. s. albolineata Res Solomon Is and Vanuatu (this subsp, Penhallurick 2003), New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
Ardea cinerea Grey Heron
A. c. jouyi Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Saipan, Pratt et al 1987). Hypo Palau (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
A. herodias Great Blue Heron
A. h. cognata Res Galapagos Is (except Wenman, Culpepper, Pinta, Marchena, Genovesa).
F: Galapagos Is (Santa Cruz: Black Turtle Cove; Rabida; Fernandina: Punta Espinosa, Chartier).
A. h. fannini? Cas Hawaiian Is.
A. h. hyperonca Vis Guadalupe I (AOU 1957).
A. h. subsp.? Vis Oct-Apr Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is. Acc Clipperton I.
A. purpurea Purple Heron
A. p. manilensis Acc Iwo Is.
A. pacifica Pacific Heron
Cas Norfolk I, NZ.
Casmerodius albus Great Egret
This genus and the next two have variously been included within Ardea or Egretta. Recent studies suggest that modestus and egretta may be specifically distinct (see Christidis and Boles 1994).
C. a. modestus Res NZ 100-120 inds (SI, vis NI), Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Rennell, Guadalcanal, Mayr and Diamond 2001, Penhallurick 2003. Vis Santa Isabel, New Georgia Is, Bellona). Cas summer Ogasawara Is, Mariana Is (this subsp? Oct Saipan- R. David), New Caledonia, Fiji (Viti Levu, Kadavu), Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, Chatham Is, Auckland Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I. Acc Apr Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 2 L Tenggano, Hornbuckle).
C. a. albus Cas Sep-Mar Ogasawara Is.
C. a. egretta Res Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is, Revillagigedo Is. Acc Clipperton I.
F: Galapagos Is (Fernandina: 2 at Punta Espinosa Jun-Jul, Chartier).
Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret
Some authors include plumifera in intermedia.
M. i. intermedia Vis Oct-Mar Palau (where also a few in summer), Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Mariana Is. Cas Ogasawara and Iwo Is. Acc (this subsp?) Jun-Jul Hawaiian Is (Pyle 2002).
F: Palau (seen Dec, de Vries; usually with Cattle Egrets, Engbring 1988).
M. i. plumifera Cas Solomon Is (Aug Buka; Bougainville; Jun Makira, Hornbuckle), Norfolk I, May-Oct NZ (NI,SI).
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret
B. i. coromandus Vis Ogasawara Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Pohnpei). Cas Marshall Is, Apr-Jun and Nov-Dec Lord Howe I, Mar-Nov Norfolk I, Apr-Nov NZ, Chatham Is. Cas New Caledonia, Snares Is. Acc Macquarie I.
F: Palau (seen Dec, de Vries; common winter vis, summer flock 1978 Koror, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (seen around airports, Talbot, S. Smith).
B. i. ibis Res Galapagos Is. Int Hawaiian Is. Cas Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is. Acc Clipperton I.
F: Galapagos Is (seen mostly inland on Isabela, Floreana, San Cristobal, and Santa Cruz, Chartier).
Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron
Acc Ogasawara Is.
Butorides virescens Green Heron
Sometimes considered conspecific with B. striata and/or B. sundevalli, but paucity or absence of mixed pairs and evidence for assortative mating in zones of contact suggests otherwise (AOU 1998; Hayes 2001). David and Gosselin (2002b) indicated that Butorides is feminine.
B. v. anthonyi? Cas Hawaiian Is.
B. v. subsp? Cas Revillagigedo Is. Acc Clipperton I.
B. striata Striated Heron
B. s. amurensis Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Nov-Dec Palau, Mariana Is (except Guam?), Caroline Is (Truk).
B. s. macrorhyncha Res New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
B. s. solomonensis Res Solomon Is.
F: Solomon Is (Kolombangara: 1 near Kukundu, Richards; Santa Isabel: uncommon Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001; Ghizo: 2, Hornbuckle; Malaita: one, Hornbuckle; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot).
B. s. diminuta Res Santa Cruz Is, Vanuatu, Fiji (Mayr and Diamond 2001). Cas Tonga (Tongatapu Grp).
F: Fiji (Kadavu: bay e side airport, T. Clarke).
B. s. patruelis Res Society Is (Tahiti, duPont 1976).
B. s. striata Res Galapagos Is (these may be merely color variations of sundevalli; see Hayes 2001).
F: Galapagos Is (Fernandina: 14 at Punta Espinosa, Chartier; Isabela: Black Beach, Chartier).
B. sundevalli Galapagos Heron
Sometimes considered conspecific with B. striata Striated Heron; both, as well as intermediates, occur Galapagos Is.
Res Galapagos Is.
F: Galapagos Is (21 on several islands, Chartier).
Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
N. v. pauper Res Galapagos Is.
F: Galapagos Is (7 in coastal areas Santa Cruz, Santiago, Champion, Espanola, Chartier).
N. v. gravirostris Res Revillagigedos Is (Socorro I).
N. v. subsp? Acc Clipperton I.
Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron
N. n. nycticorax Vis Nov-Apr Palau, Mariana Is except Guam, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Acc Caroline Is (Pohnpei, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
N. n. hoactli Res Hawaiian Is. Acc Clipperton I, Galapagos Is.
N. caledonicus Rufous Night-Heron
N. c. crassirostris Extinct. Formerly res Ogasawara Is.
N. c. pelewensis Res Palau, Caroline Is (Truk, hypo Yap and Pohnpei, Pyle and Engbring 1985, Pratt et al 1987). Hypo Mariana Is except Guam, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
F: Palau (seen Dec, de Vries; common coastal areas, Koror dump, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Truk: Weno and Tol South, S. Smith).
N. c. mandibularis Res Solomon Is.
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001; seen, Hornbuckle 1999; Makira, Ranongga: Hornbuckle).
N. c. caledonicus Res New Caledonia.
F: New Caledonia (Noumea, Quested; 1-2 near Tiakan Nov, T. Clarke).
N. c. hilli Res NZ (NI, 9 inds). Vis (this subsp?) L Howe I.
N. c. subsp? Poss res Fiji but extirpated after human arrival (Watling 2001).
Gorsachius goisagi Japanese Night-Heron
Cas Palau (Koror). Acc Ogasawara Is.
G. melanolophus Malayan Night-Heron
Acc Palau.
Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern
Res Ogasawara Is, s Izu Is, and (summer only) Iwo Is, Palau, Mariana Is, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Solomon Is (Bougainville). Cas winter vis elsewhere Solomon Is.
F: Palau (seen Dec, de Vries; unc throughout, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Yap: small nos, usually forested areas, Talbot, S. Smith). Solomon Is (Bougainville: Aropa Ponds, Jaba Delta, Hadden 1981).
I. exilis Least Bittern
I. e. exilis? Acc Clipperton I.
I. minutus Little Bittern
I. m. dubius Acc Oct Lord Howe I, Feb NZ (SI, O'Donnell and Dilks 1988).
I. novaezelandiae New Zealand Little Bittern
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (SI).
I. eurhythmus Schrenk's Bittern
Res (summer only) Ogasawara Is. Acc Nov-Dec Palau.
I. cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern
Acc Iwo Is.
I. flavicollis Black Bittern
I. f. flavicollis Acc Mariana Is (Jun Guam).
I. f. woodfordi Res Solomon Is.
This taxon is quite distinct from other subspecies (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: unc Garanga R, first 2 recs, specs, Kratter et al 2001; Rennell: 1 L Tenggano, Hornbuckle).
Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern
Res New Caledonia, Loyalty Is (Ouvea), NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I). Acc Nov-Dec Lord Howe I.
B. lentiginosus American Bittern
Acc Clipperton I.


THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Eudocimus albus White Ibis
Acc Clipperton I.
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis
Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville, Buka: 2 in Aug, poss 1st rec, Gregory; Kolombangara), NZ (mostly Mar-Nov NI,SI). Acc Aug Fiji, Lord Howe I, Chatham Is (Chatham).
F: Solomon Is (Bougainville: Jaba Delta, Hadden 1981).
P. chihi White-faced Ibis
Cas Hawaiian Is, Revillagigedo Is. Acc Clipperton I.
Threskiornis molucca Australian Ibis
Subspecies can be separated by size and plumage characters (HANZAB); pygmaeus is quite distinct (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
T. m. molucca Acc Norfolk I (Penhallurick 2003).
T. m. pygmaeus Res Solomon Is (Rennell, Bellona).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: common, Richards).
T. m. strictipennis Cas Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991), mostly May-Jan NZ.
T. spinicollis Straw-necked Ibis
Acc Lord Howe I, Norfolk I.
T. melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis
Acc Nov Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
Platalea regia Royal Spoonbill
Res NZ (NI, SI). Vis Solomon Is (breeds? Rennell). Cas Solomon Is (Makira, Bellona), New Caledonia, Lord Howe I, Norfolk I.
P. flavipes Yellow-billed Spoonbill
Cas Lord Howe I, Norfolk I, NZ (NI).
P. leucorodia White Spoonbill
P. l. leucorodia Acc Ogasawara Is (Mukojima).


PHOENICOPTERIDAE

Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo
P. r. ruber Res 500-1000 inds Galapagos Is (San Salvador, Floreana, Santa Cruz, s Isabela, Rabida).
F: Galapagos Is (17 at Rabida and Puerto Villamil, Chartier).